Fabrication and characterization of a cost-effective electrochemical modified electrode for paracetamol determination in pharmaceutical infusion solution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18105896Keywords:
Pencil graphite electrode, paracetamol, pharmaceutical infusion solution, voltammetryAbstract
Paracetamol (PAR) is a pharmaceutical active ingredient widely used for analgesic and antipyretic purposes. In this study, for the electrochemical determination of PAR, 4-amino-5-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (4P3T) compound was modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to prepare an electrochemical sensor (4P3T-GCE). Characterization of the modified electrode was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The prepared and characterized sensor was used in the electrochemical determination of PAR. Electrochemical oxidation and quantitative determination of PAR were carried out by using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. PAR determination was successfully carried out in pharmaceutical infusion solution samples using 4P3T-GCE by the standard addition method. The fabricated sensor showed two linear working ranges: 0.55–100 µM and 100–785 µM. The limit of detection (LOD; 3s/m) value was found to be 0.16 µM, and the limit of quantification (LOQ; 10s/m) value was found to be 0.53 µM. The obtained results reveal that the modified electrode is an effective electrochemical sensor for the determination of PAR in pharmaceutical samples due to its features such as high sensitivity, wide linear range, and low LOD.
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