International Bulletin of Electrochemical Methodology

Recent advances in the application of molecularly imprinted polymers for electrochemical detection of biomedical markers

Fatma Budak, Ensar Piskin, Ahmet Cetinkaya, Sibel A. OZKAN — Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Late diagnosis of multifactorial diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, and infections continues to be a leading cause of high mortality rates, negatively impacts treatment outcomes, and leads to increased healthcare costs. Biomarkers that indicate the presence of various pathophysiological events, especially cancer, are critical for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. However, traditional analytical methods used for biomarker detection, such as chromatographic, spectroscopic, and electrophoretic techniques, have disadvantages such as long analysis times, the need for specialized personnel, and large reagent consumption. Electrochemical methods have emerged as promising alternatives that offer advantages such as faster analysis, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Despite these advantages, electrochemical sensors face selectivity challenges. This problem is addressed by molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensors designed to create selective recognition sites that match target molecules. With their high selectivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness, stability, and reusability, MIPs have been rapidly adopted for biomarker detection in various fields, including environmental, food, and biomedical applications. Miniaturized and portable MIP-based sensors further enhance the practicality of biomarker detection. This review covers the recent developments in MIP-based electrochemical sensors, focusing on their applications, sensitivities, and mechanisms for rapid and selective detection of key biomarkers. Additionally, it aims to provide insights and directions for future research in this field.

Electrochemical Detection and DNA Interaction of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) Extract from Commercial Tablets

Hüseyin Oğuzhan Kaya, Sena Alacacı, Seda Nur Topkaya — Wed, 30 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) is a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and vasodilatory effects. Traditionally, it has been used in the treatment of respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, and metabolic disorders In this study, the electroactivity of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) extract was detected directly from its commercial tablet form using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), and its interaction with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was electrochemically investigated. The interaction between the extract and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was investigated in solution phase by monitoring the oxidation peak potentials and currents of guanine and adenine. Following the interaction, a significant decrease in the adenine oxidation peak current and a positive shift in its peak potential were observed, indicating an intercalative binding mode. Based on the reduction in adenine signal, the extract exhibited approximately 65% toxicity toward dsDNA, suggesting a moderate level of DNA damage. The ability to directly detect Gilaburu extract from commercial tablets highlights the practical applicability of this electrochemical approach for pharmaceutical quality control. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) calculated as 4.5 and 15.1 µg/mL, respectively. The results provide an initial framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological activity of Gilaburu through its interactions with nucleic acids.

Advances in Glucose Oxidase-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Generational Development, Immobilization Strategies, and Nanostructure Applications

abdullah bicer, mesut Işık — Tue, 26 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Monitoring glucose levels is vital for the management of diabetes and other metabolic disorders, spurring extensive research into the development of reliable, sensitive and biocompatible glucose sensors. Glucose oxidase (GOx)-based electrochemical biosensors have evolved over time through three different generations, with each generation aiming to overcome the limitations of the previous one. First-generation sensors depend on oxygen as the electron carrier, while second-generation systems utilize artificial mediators that provide more stable and sensitive measurements at lower potentials. Third-generation sensors aim to enable direct electron transfer (DET) between the enzyme and the electrode, enabling the development of marker-free, biocompatible platforms suitable for continuous glucose monitoring. Enzyme immobilization methods such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment in polymer matrices, crosslinking and microencapsulation play a critical role in improving sensor performance, stability and reproducibility. Moreover, the integration of nanostructures such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles and hybrid composites on the electrode surface facilitates efficient electron transfer and improves sensor response by increasing surface area, conductivity and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles, developmental processes and challenges of GOx-based glucose biosensors, with a particular focus on recent advances in enzyme immobilization strategies and nanostructured electrode materials. The integration of these approaches is anticipated to contribute significantly to the development of wearable, noninvasive, and continuous glucose monitoring systems, which are of great importance for personalized healthcare and diabetes management.

A Bibliometric Analysis on Biosensors in the Concept of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Kübra Gönüllü, Merve Keskin, Fatma Arslan — Tue, 26 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

To improve biosensors performance, the working electrodes used in biosensor design are modified by using different materials such as carbon dots, silver nanoparticles, conductive polymers etc. Environmentally friendly production of these materials is important for a sustainable environment. In this study, the use of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles in electrode modification was determined. For this purpose, research and review articles indexed by the Science Citation Expanded Index (SCI-EXP) and Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) in the Web of Science (WOS) database were searched using the keywords "green synthesis*" and "biosensor*" and "silver nanoparticle*". A total of 276 articles containing these three keywords in title, abstract, and author keywords were identified. The data of the articles were saved as Bibtex files and analyzed using R-programmer, Bibliometric R-package (Biblioshiny tool). India (n=387) was determined as the country with the highest number of studies on this subject. Keywords related to silver nanoparticles (n=175), green synthesis (n=191), nanoparticles (n=81), and biosensors (n=72) were prominent in the word cloud. Although the studies have increased since 2010, it was seen that the use of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles in biosensor design was limited. It was clear that it is important to increase these studies for a sustainable environment.